Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 in colorectal carcinoma: Insights into mechanisms of pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies

Abstract
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is one of the eight canonical PRMT enzymes, classified as a type II PRMT, and is responsible for arginine monomethylation and symmetric dimethylation. PRMT5 is frequently overexpressed in various cancer types, including colorectal cancer (CRC), where its overexpression is linked to poor patient survival. Recent research has demonstrated that increased PRMT5 expression promotes tumor growth and metastasis in CRC. Additionally, novel PRMT5 inhibitors tested on CRC cell lines have shown promising anticancer effects. PRMT5 has also been proposed as a potential biomarker for CRC diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, a deeper understanding of how PRMT5 contributes to CRC carcinogenesis could lead to the development of targeted therapies. In this study, we began with an in silico analysis examining PRMT5 expression in CRC patients as a foundation for further exploring its role in CRC. We also conducted a comprehensive review of the literature on PRMT5’s involvement in CRC pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis. Furthermore, we summarized key findings from in vitro studies GSK3326595 investigating various therapeutic approaches targeting PRMT5 or disrupting its function. In conclusion, PRMT5 appears to play a critical role in CRC pathogenesis, warranting further exploration of its potential for prognosis and targeted therapy.